Level: beginner
The present tense is the base form of the verb:
I work in London.
But with the third person singular (she/he/it), we add an –s:
She works in London.
Present simple questions
Look at these questions:
Do you play the piano?
Where do you live?
Does Jack play football?
Where does he come from?
Do Rita and Angela live in Manchester?
Where do they work?
We use do and does to make questions with the present simple. We use does for the third person singular (she/he/it) and do for the others.
We use do and does with question words like where, what and when:
Where do Angela and Rita live?
What does Angela do?
When does Rita usually get up?
But questions with who often don't use do or does:
Who lives in London?
Who plays football at the weekend?
Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?
Here are some useful questions. Try to remember them:
| Where do you come from? Do you come from …? Where do you live? Do you live in ...? |
What work do you do? Do you like …? Do you know …? |
- Present simple questions 1
- Present simple questions 2
- Present simple questions 3
- Present simple questions 4
Present simple negatives
Look at these sentences:
I like tennis but I don't like football. (don't = do not)
I don't live in London now.
I don't play the piano but I play the guitar.
They don't work at the weekend.
John doesn't live in Manchester. (doesn't = does not)
Angela doesn't drive to work. She goes by bus.
We use do and does to make negatives with the present simple. We use doesn't for the third person singular (she/he/it) and don't for the others.
- Present simple negatives 1
- Present simple negatives 2
Present simple and present time
We use the present simple to talk about:
- something that is true in the present:
I'm nineteen years old.
I'm a student.
He lives in London.
- something that happens regularly in the present:
I play football every weekend.
- something that is always true:
The human body contains 206 bones.
Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.
We often use adverbs of frequency like sometimes, always and never with the present simple:
I sometimes go to the cinema.
She never plays football.
Here are some useful sentences. Complete them so that they are true for you and try to remember them:
| My name is … . I'm … years old. I come from … . I live in … . |
I'm a(n) … . I … at the weekend. I often … . I never … . |
Complete these sentences so that they are true for a friend and try to remember them:
| Her/His name is … . She's/He's … years old. She/He comes from … . She/He lives in … . |
She's/He's a(n) … . She/He … at the weekend. She/He often … . She/He never … . |
- Present simple 1
- Present simple 2
- Present simple 3
- Present simple 4
- Present simple 5
- Present simple 6
- Present simple 7
Level: intermediate
Present simple and future time
We also use the present simple to talk about:
- something that is fixed in the future:
The school term starts next week.
The train leaves at 19.45 this evening.
We fly to Paris next week.
- something in the future after time words like when, after and before and after if and unless:
I'll talk to John when I see him.
You must finish your work before you go home.
If it rains we'll get wet.
He won't come unless you ask him.
- Present simple 8
Level: advanced
We sometimes use the present simple to talk about the past when we are:
- telling a story:
I was walking down the street the other day when suddenly this man comes up to me and tells me he has lost his wallet and asks me to lend him some money. Well, he looks a bit dangerous so I'm not sure what to do and while we are standing there …
- summarising a book, film or play:
Harry Potter goes to Hogwarts School. He has two close friends, Hermione and …
Shakespeare's Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark. One night he sees his father's ghost. The ghost tells him he has been murdered …
It helps. Thank you.
Hi again,
I'd like to ask about something else. Should I use present tenses in formal spoken/written English? For instance, my teacher would ask about creating a story and I used Present tenses. The same about summarising something. is it acceptable?
Hi lRaisa,
Telling a story in present tenses is typically done in speaking, not writing, and is usually considered informal in style. In formal speaking and writing, I would use past tenses.
For summarising a book (etc.) using present tenses, this is done in speaking and writing, and is neutral in style. Plot summaries on Wikipedia, for example, are often written using present tenses. So, I would say that it is acceptable, unless your teacher expects you to use a very formal and literary style. It would be best to check exactly how formal the teacher expects you to be in your speaking/writing.
I hope that helps!
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
It explains a lot. Thank you.
Hi,
I am curious about telling a story in the past but using the future tenses; I read about that it is a way of delivering a story that is yet to occur .It is also useful for describing spontaneous actions or predictions. But when do we use them? I mean what do they describe? A main plot or a subplot? For example:
It is 8:00 pm I am in the kitchen. I am staying and doing a juice my fiancee look at me and she is approaching to me, she slips and I help her, but the juice spilt and the glass broke. I'm about to clean it up when somebody calls me.
In this situation we have: Present, Past and Future. So, The future tense here describes the subplot the same as past? Background of the action? And do we just use it to describe what will happen in the future in the story?
Btw is it the same as summarising something?
Hi IRaisa,
I'll try to answer your questions.
Does that make sense?
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Yeah, it makes sense. About summarising, I meant the future forms. Is it possible to use them? And does it make sense?
You wrote for summarising using present tenses is done in speaking and writing. And it may be very formal if teachers expect that.
Past tenses are subplot and what about the future tenses?
Hi lRaisa,
Yes, if you are summarising something (e.g. a story) using present tenses, you can use future forms for some events, with the meanings that you mentioned in your previous comment.
Sorry, I don't understand your last question about "subplot". A subplot is a part of a story that develops separately from the main plot and it is usually of secondary importance. This may involve past, present and future events - it depends on what the particular subplot is.
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Thank you
hi! how would you explain the use of present simple in this sentence: “i can’t talk right now, i’m busy”? technically the “right now” part should indicate the present continuous tense. also i couldn’t find the answer in the non-continuous verbs list either, it doesn’t seem to fit.
thanks in advance!
Hello alyssa_rom,
Your sentence has a modal verb (can) followed by the bare infinitive. Modal verbs do not have continuous forms so only this form is possible.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello!
Could you please clarify if it's correct to use Present Simple in this sentence below or it must be Present Perfect and why?
This building is not occupied and is not used since the beginning of the pandemic.
Thank you!
Hello Gulnara_BC,
There are two verbs in this sentence, but I assume you are asking about the second one ('is not used').
'is not used' is not correct; 'has not been used' is the form you need here. The first verb in the present simple is correct because it's speaking about the condition of the building now, but the second one needs to be present perfect because the beginning of the pandemic is not now, but rather in the past.
When we think of a period of time that began in the past (in this case, late 2019 or early 2020 when the pandemic began) and is still ongoing now (because the pandemic is not finished), we often use the present perfect to refer to it.
Hope this helps you make sense of it.
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Sir,
I have a question – In the following sentence is there any error in
'made it clear' → 'made clear'
OR
'poses' → 'pose ' ( as CLIMATE CHANGE and Continued Ecosystem Degradation two nouns are used
so we should not add 's/es' in the main verb
Please make it clear
Hi abhay,
I think the sentence is missing?
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Sir,
I have a question – In the following sentence is there any error in
'made it clear' → 'made clear'
OR
'poses' → 'pose ' ( as CLIMATE CHANGE and Continued Ecosystem Degradation two nouns are used
so we should not add 's/es' in the main verb
Please make it clear
Sorry sir,
The sentence is:
Science has made it clear the adverse impacts that climate change and continued ecosystem degradation poses for the physical world.
Hello abhay,
It's not correct to say 'made it clear' in this sentence; instead, as I think you suggest, you should say just 'make clear'. This is because the object of 'make clear' is 'the adverse impacts', including the clause after it. Many writers avoid using 'make clear' when its object is very long and use 'clarify' instead. 'has clarified' would work well in your sentence, but I also think it's clear enough with 'has made clear'.
Yes, 'poses' should be changed to 'pose' since it has two subjects.
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
I am sorry sir I can't understand what you are trying to say.
Is the right sentence is :
Science MAKES it clear the adverse impacts that climate change and continued ecosystem degradation POSE for the physical world.
But sir it seems it'll convey a wrong meaning.
Please clarify as it is a question of a government exam :
Select in which part of the question there is an error.
Question: Science has made it clear the adverse impacts that climate/ change and continued ecosystem/ degradation poses for the physical world./ No error
Answer key says — “poses threat to the physical world”
My confusion is
Confusion — I can't understand the meaning of the first part of the sentence.
In my opinion the answer key is wrong.
Please clarify.
Thank you.
Hello abhay,
I'm sorry, but I'm afraid I don't understand very well, either. I don't understand what the slashes (/) in the question refer to, and I don't understand what the task is -- i.e. what you as the person taking the exam have to do.
The following sentences are not grammatically correct:
The following sentence is grammatically correct:
'Science' is the subject; 'had made clear' is the verb phrase; 'the adverse impacts' is the object; 'that climate change and continued ecosystem degradation pose for the physical world' is a relative clause whose antecedent is the object 'the adverse impacts'. This sentence is slightly awkward because a verb phrase such as 'to make clear' normally has a shorter object, but it is grammatically correct.
Hope this helps.
Best wishes,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Mussorie,
You're correct: the meaning of 'being able...' here is the same as 'who are able'. It has an adjectival function as it describes the noun phrase before it ('two people drawn at random').
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Mussorie,
The first sentence tells us that the person started having a headache last Monday and still has a headache at the time of speaking.
The second sentence does not make sense. You can use is to have done when you are giving a date by which something is to be completed, but this does not work with a headache as it is not something which we can control.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi Rizk Hussein,
The first two options make sense. I would choose one of those two.
Option c is possible, but less likely. He has had an important meeting means that the meeting has finished by now, so he is not in the meeting now. But he may still be unavailable if, for example, the meeting was stressful and he needs time to relax because of it.
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi Mussorie,
The verb have has several meanings. The ‘possession’ meaning is stative, e.g.:
She's having a big house.)He's having short hair.)But have can also refer to doing an action, as in the examples below, and that’s why it possible (and common) to use it in continuous tenses:
Take a look at this page on Stative verbs for more explanation and examples of verbs with these two meanings. I hope it helps :)
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Mussorie,
We use the present perfect simple to talk about a finished event that has some connection to the present. Especially when it's a event like a meeting, it is clearly finished. For this reason, it's not appropriate in this context in which the meeting is over.
If the meeting is still happening when this question is asked, then I'd say 'He is in an important meeting'.
Hope this helps.
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi luharriet,
Yes, it is :)
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Erfan1806,
Yes, both sentences are grammatically correct.
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Lucas,
I'm sorry about that -- that was a mistake on our part. I've fixed it now. Thanks for taking the time to tell us about it and I'm sorry for the convenience!
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Rashid ali,
Yes, those sentences are grammatically correct and describe typical or normal behaviour. I think 'wake up' is much more common in modern English, but both are possible.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Rashid ali,
You can hear this use of the present simple if you watch a sporting event with English language commentary. The commentators describe the action using the present simple:
Jones passes to Smith. Smith runs and shoots. He scores!
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi Zuzanna,
It's an interesting question! When telling a story, we use the present simple for a particular effect: to give the listener a sense that the story events are happening right now, in front of the listener. It makes the storytelling more interesting and engaging.
So, what about the sentence you mention? The use of the past continuous shows that this action (walking down the street) is only a background context for the story. It's not a main event of the story, so it doesn't need the special effect that the present simple brings. The main events begin with suddenly this man comes up to me ... and the use of the present simple.
So, you could use I am walking ... , but only if this action is a main event of the story and you want to draw the listener's attention and interest to it.
Does that make sense?
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi Tinnycool,
Yes, it's perfectly fine to use two different tenses like that, provided one action/state is a present (or general) action/state and the other is past.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello DaniWeebKage,
In this context both are possible.
The present simple is used for future time when events are regular or part of a schedule. It is similar to asking 'What time is the show supposed to/meant to finish?'
The modal verb will is used for predictions of particular events. It is similar to asking 'What time do you think/expect the show to finish?'
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi DaniWeebKage,
Sure! This is quite commonly done when we tell a story or summarise one.
The story events are, of course, past events (i.e. they have already happened). But, using the present tense has a particular effect: it catches listeners' attention and engages them in the story. This is because the present simple presents the story as something that develops and unfolds as the listeners listen. There is a feeling that the story is happening now (i.e. in the moment of telling it). It's a really effective storytelling technique :)
As you suggest, it's also possible to tell a story using the past simple (with other past tenses). This way, you present the story to the listeners as something that happened some time ago, distant from the present moment. It doesn't have the immediate, engaging effect of the present simple.
I just want to emphasise that the present simple is used to talk about the past for these specific conversational actions: telling or summarising a story. We can't use the present simple to talk about past actions in general.
Does that make sense?
Best wishes,
Jonathan
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello LilyLinSZ,
You're right in thinking that the present simple could be used here. I can't say for sure why they use the future without knowing more, but I'd say it's because these three phrases/sentences are from quite formal contexts. 'will' is often used in formal situations to speak of rules or official arrangements, or to issue commands.
Does that make sense?
All the best,
Kirk
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi LilyLinSZ,
It's hard to give a detailed explanation without knowing the context in which a given sentence appears, but I'll comment as far as I can.
This sentence may be describing something which is not yet in effect, or it could be a prediction about the present. The speaker could be speculating about the current situation.
The sentence describes a particular vote in the future. The rule may apply to votes in general, but the speaker is referencing a particular vote.
Again, this references a particular decision in the future.
By the way, the term 'future simple' is not one we generally use. Will is not a tense, but rather a modal verb like might, should, may and so on. Will often describes future time but so does might, and both can also describe present time.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team