Look at these examples to see how third and mixed conditionals are used.
We would have walked to the top of the mountain if the weather hadn't been so bad.
If we'd moved to Scotland when I was a child, I would have a Scottish accent now.
If she was really my friend, she wouldn't have lied to me.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.
- Grammar test 1
Read the explanation to learn more.
Grammar explanation
Do you know how to use third and mixed conditionals?
Third conditionals and mixed conditionals
Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the condition (If I hadn't been ill) and the main clause tells you the result (I would have gone to the party). The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.
If I hadn't been ill, I would have gone to the party.
I would have gone to the party if I hadn't been ill.
Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.
Third conditional
The third conditional is used to imagine a different past. We imagine a change in a past situation and the different result of that change.
If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed the exam.
We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery.
In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually: If + past perfect >> would have + past participle.
Mixed conditionals
We can use mixed conditionals when we imagine a past change with a result in the present or a present change with a result in the past.
1. Past/Present
Here's a sentence imagining how a change in a past situation would have a result in the present.
If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner.
So the structure is: If + past perfect >> would + infinitive.
2. Present/Past
Here's a sentence imagining how a different situation in the present would mean that the past was different as well.
It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday.
And the structure is: If + past simple >> would have + past participle.
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.
- Grammar test 2
Hi Tony_M,
I'm glad you found my answer useful. That's a sharp observation about how people use the third conditional. However, I think there is no reason why we can't use it for a long-running state or a repeated action. Here is an example I found (from a novel) of a long-running state: If I had known how awfully bitter this love would be, I'd have avoided you.
About repeated actions such as your example, I agree that your sentence sounds a bit strange. But in my view, that's not connected to the third conditional. I would say something like this:
There's nothing wrong with adding "all those times" in the sentence, and it emphasises the repeatedness more. But it's clear that "If you had been in his place" refers to all of those occasions, not just a single occasion, so I don't feel any need to emphasise "all those times". Actually, time markers may be used but they are not obligatory (e.g., the example from the novel above).
Similarly, I think it's unnecessary to say "when we were students" because the speaker referred to his/her student days earlier in the conversation, so the timeframe is already defined and it's not necessary to repeat it.
I hope that somehow helps to find some answers!
Jonathan
LearnEnglish team
Thank you. Your help is greatly appreciated! I’m very grateful!
Hello
if had been coming tomorrow you would have met your mother
1-This sentence is about the past, why did he say tomorrow? and
Is tomorrow over? Explain please
if had been coming tomorrow you would meet your mother
Is tomorrow not over yet?
if had been coming today you would have met your mother
Is today over? or Today the meeting is over
if had been coming today you would meet your mother
Is today not over yet? or Today the meeting is not over
Hi HLH,
Firstly, in all these sentences, the subject is missing and it should be "If you ..." or "If he ..." or some other subject.
1. I don't understand what the person wants to say. The first part (if had been coming tomorrow) seems to be about the future, and the second part (you would have met your mother) seems to be about the past, so overall the sentence doesn't make sense. If the sentence is about the past (an unreal past), it should be: If you had come (that day), you would have met your mother.
2. No, this seems to be about the future so tomorrow has not started yet.
3. "Today" is not yet over but the time of the meeting is over (because would have met your mother is a competed action).
4. Would meet your mother is about the present/future, so "today" is not over and the meeting also hasn't happened yet.
May I also add, it's not clear why the past perfect continuous (had been coming) is used. To refer to an unreal future action (e.g. sentences 2 and 4), saying If you were coming ... or If you came ... would be simpler and clearer.
I hope that helps.
Jonathan
LearnEnglish team
Hello
How to distinguish between normal conditional sentences and the mixed conditionals especially when it comes to multiple choice sentences like this one:
If I had saved more money I .......... this house.
a- would have owned. b- would own.
What is the correct answer of this sentence? why? does the answer depend on the meaning of the sentence or on the existence of certain time words?
another question : are there any time words that are usually used with mixed conditional sentences, like now or yesterday, etc? please if there are any , mention them .
Thank you very much
Hello Hanker-after,
The terms 'first conditional', 'second conditional' etc are only terms we use to help learners recognise common patterns. They are not more 'normal' in any particular way than any other conditionals. Really, there are only two rules for conditional sentences:
With these two rules you can create all sorts of sentences. For example:
These are just a few examples. Note that sometimes the same form can have different uses. For example, the third and fifth examples here have the same verb forms: if + past > would verb, but the meanings are different. Only the context tells us whether we are talking about unreal general past time or unreal specific future time.
In answer to your question, both answers are grammatically possible. The ownership could be only in the past or could be still true today. There is no way to know without knowing the wider context.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
thank you
Hi
The answer is b, If I had saved money, I would own this house.
coz the result in the present time accordingly, it's a mixed condition
Thanx hope I have help
Hi Kirk Moore, Jonathan R, Peter M.
Hope you're doing great!
Please point on the right answer and explain your choice
"If I ... her before, I would have recognised her.
A) saw;
B) would see;
C) see;
D) had seen."
Hello OstapBen,
D is the correct answer. It forms a third conditional structure, which is talks about an imaginary past event, that is, an event that did not happen.
None of the other options form sentences that make sense. Some people might say A, but strictly speaking, it's not grammatically correct.
All the best,
Kirk
LearnEnglish team