Articles: 'a', 'an', 'the'

Do you know how to use a, an and the? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

Look at these examples to see how articles are used.

She's a doctor.
I need an umbrella.
Have you heard the news?
I don't like spiders.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1: Grammar test 1: Articles 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

Here are some of the most important things to know about using articles.

Jobs

When we say what people's jobs are, we usually use a/an.

He's an architect.
She's a scientist.
My grandmother was a teacher.

Singular nouns

Singular, countable nouns always have an article – a/an or the (or another determiner – my, your, this, that, etc.).

We use a/an – the indefinite article – when we talk about something for the first time, or something that is part of a group or type.

I saw a good film yesterday.
Do you want a drink?

We use a when the word that follows it begins with a consonant sound. We use an when it's followed by a vowel sound. This makes pronunciation easier.

She has a university degree.
It took me an hour to get home.

We use the – the definite article – when the listener already knows which thing we are talking about because it was mentioned before or because there's only one of them.

I'm going to take the dog for a walk.
Have you seen the car key?
They go to the school next to the bridge.

Things in general

When we talk about things in general, we normally use a plural or uncountable noun with no article.

Birds eat worms.
Water freezes at 0°C.
Children need a lot of sleep.

Particular groups of things

When we talk about a particular group of things, we use the.

We went to the zoo and saw the kangaroos. (These are the particular kangaroos in that zoo – not kangaroos in general.)

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2: Grammar test 2: Articles 1

Try another grammar lesson

Language level

A1 Elementary

A2 Pre-intermediate

Hi Ivyxoxo,

Generally, use "a", e.g. I live next to a school. I graduated from a university.

But, "a" is omitted in some common phrases: go to school / at school / in school (and the same for university).

I hope that helps.

Jonathan

LearnEnglish team

"University" is a singular countable noun. Although it begins with a vowel, the first sound of the word is /j/ or “y.” Thus, "a" instead of "an" is used.

so yes you should

thank youuuu

We use a/an – the indefinite article – when we talk about something for the first time, or something that is part of a group or type.

The previous sentence has been used above by the author of the article. In this sentence the author has not written "a" before the word "part" can you explain why?

Hello m.abo alhassan,

In many cases both part of and a part of are possible - and in this example you could use either. In fact, I would say that most people use the two interchangeably.

Sometimes there is a difference. Part of is often used when we are talking about something that is not the whole but is a necessary part of it that cannot be taken away (similar to a section of or a piece of), while a part of is more common when an item is made of many separate elements which are connected together.

As I said, I think the majority of people do not distinguish between the two. It is a subject that generates some discussion, however:

https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/328341/a-part-of-vs-part-of

Peter

The LearnEnglish Team

Hi.
I see the following sentence in a grammar book:

We say 'in the New Year' to mean near the beginning of next year.

This is to explain the usage of "the" for specification of "New Year".

However, I wonder why there is no article before "next year".

Can you explain? I haven't found any suitable explanation in the book.

Thank you in advance.

Hi Taewook Song,

There is a difference in meaning between "next year" and "the next year".

Next year = the year after the current year. e.g. I'll see you at the beginning of next year means "at the beginning of 2025", if I am speaking in 2024.
The next year = the following year; the year after a given year (not the current year). The sentence would need to make clear another time reference, and "the next year" means the year after that one. e.g. I will be studying until the end of 2027, and then I'll graduate in the next year - "the next year" refers to the year after 2027 here. "The next year" can also refer to a past time, e.g. I failed the exam so I took it again the next year.

The same is true for (the) next week, (the) next month, (the) next Christmas, (the) next summer and other time phrases

I hope that helps.

Jonathan

LearnEnglish team

Thank you so much, Jonathan.
Your answer helps a lot.

In Grammar test 2
exercise number 8 "Teachers at my son's school are great".
Why we should write "the"? "teachers" are plural.

Hello Muneerh,

'the' can be used with all nouns: singular, plural and uncountable.

In this case, we are talking about a particular group of teachers (the teachers in my son's school); we use 'the' in situations like this.

Does that make sense?

Best wishes,
Kirk
LearnEnglish team