Look at these examples to see how the passive voice is used.
The interview was recorded yesterday.
Cleaner sources of energy must be developed.
An electrical fault is believed to have caused the power cut.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.
- Grammar test 1
Grammar explanation
We can use the passive voice to change the focus of the sentence.
Aliya Monier directed the film.
(focus on Aliya Monier)The film was directed by Aliya Monier.
(focus on The film)
We often use the passive:
- so that we can start a sentence with the most important or most logical information
- when we prefer not to mention who or what does the action (for example, it's not known, it's obvious or we don't want to say)
- in more formal or scientific writing.
Be + past participle
The most common way to form the passive is subject + be + past participle.
The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday.
The 'doer' of the action is called the agent. Most of the time, the agent is not mentioned, but if important, the agent can be mentioned using the preposition by.
The new smoke alarm was installed yesterday by the company director herself.
We can also use the passive voice with modal verbs such as can, must and should, by using modal + be + past participle.
A podcast can be made with minimal resources.
The accident must be reported to the police.
New laws should be created to regulate electric scooters.
The passive with get
In informal English, get is sometimes used instead of be to form the passive.
My bicycle got stolen last night.
(= My bicycle was stolen last night.)
The impersonal passive
The impersonal passive is used with reporting verbs such as allege, believe, claim, consider, estimate, expect, know, report, say, think, understand, etc. It reports what an unspecified group of people say or believe.
The impersonal passive has two forms:
it + be + past participle + (that) + subject + verb:
It is estimated that millions of people visit the site every year.
It is believed that the walls date from the third century BCE.
It is reported that mosquitoes transmit the disease.
someone/something + be + past participle + infinitive:
Millions of people are estimated to visit the site every year.
The walls are believed to date from the third century BCE.
Mosquitoes are reported to transmit the disease.
Note that the infinitive can be simple (as above), perfect (for a past action) or continuous (for an action in progress).
Millions are estimated to visit the site this year. (simple infinitive)
The walls are believed to have been built in the third century BCE. (perfect infinitive)
Mosquitoes are reported to be transmitting the disease. (continuous infinitive)
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.
- Grammar test 2
Hello Bo Bo,
They have similar meanings but there is definitely a difference. I'm not sure what dictionary you used, but I'd recommend Longman's entries for 'willing' and 'want'. It's also often useful to do an internet search for 'what's the difference between want to and willing to' to find explanations, though be aware that not all answers are necessarily accurate.
For example, I think the explanation that LawrenceC gives on this English Language Learners StackExchange could be useful for you. To summarise what he says, basically, 'be willing to' implies that there is some kind of condition that influences when you take action.
I'd suggest you read around a bit and then write a couple of sentences that you think illustrate the difference. We'd be happy to check them for you.
Best wishes,
Kirk
LearnEnglish team
thanks for the initiative..i kindly request that i comment next time when am sure of what i am commenting about
Hello team,
This is an extract from a book- A party of us set out in three cars at four o'clock in the morning along the road to Pegu in the north-east.
In that sentence, is it ok to switch the order of the phrases of time and place like this?
A party of us set out in three cars along the road to Pagu in the north-east at four o'clock in the morning.
Please kindly also explain the reason why we can/cannot switch.
Thank you in advance sir.
Hello Bo Bo,
Normally we don't put an adverbial of time before an adverbial of place, but in the sentence you ask about, it sounds OK to me.
I'm just speculating, but perhaps this is because of the verb 'set out', which is often followed by a time adverbial beginning with 'at' and/or a place adverbial beginning with 'for' (though not in this case).
In any case, the version you propose is also correct and natural-sounding.
Best wishes,
Kirk
LearnEnglish team
Didn't know this. Thanks for sharing
This section of practising is really helpful for the students and other professionals.
Hi team,
Thank you!
Hello _Yan_,
There is a difference between the two forms but it is not really relevant to your context. Allow me to show the difference with a different example and then I'll highlight why it does not matter in your context.
Examples:
The difference is that in sentence A Anne sees the whole process from start to finish. In B she sees only the action while it is in progress. B would be appropriate if, for example, Anne walked into the kitchen while her brother was in the middle of cooking the quiche.
In your example the distinction is not important as we can assume that people fear the idea of being mocked; whether it is a completed action or not is irrelvant as the mockery is still a fact. Thus both forms have essentially the same meaning.
Peter
The LearnEnglish Team
Thanks a lot!
Why there are no PDF sheets for the grammar lessons?!